A Beginner-Friendly Crochet Jacket That’s Fully Customizable
If you're looking for an easy crochet jacket pattern that offers both style and versatility, this is the one for you. Designed with adaptability in mind, this women’s jacket pattern is easily resizable, adjusting the width, length, or sleeves to suit any body shape or preference. Whether you want a cropped cardigan or a longline cozy coat, this one pattern lets you create it all.
35% Raverly Sale
About This Pattern
Why You’ll Love This Crochet Jacket Pattern
This crochet jacket pattern is perfect for year-round wear. Choose breathable cotton for summer evenings, soft acrylic for transitional weather, or snug wool blends to stay warm in winter. It’s an all-season-friendly design that lets you switch fibers depending on your climate or yarn stash.
Color-lovers will adore how this jacket highlights creative combinations. Use self-striping yarn cakes for an effortless fade, try ombre yarns for a soft gradient look, or go bold with contrasting color blocks. This easy crochet jacket pattern invites you to experiment with yarn and color in every row.
Designed with the whole family in mind, the pattern includes helpful notes for resizing, making it suitable as a unisex crochet jacket pattern for men, women, and kids. It’s a fantastic option if you enjoy making handmade garments that can be worn by anyone.
Another bonus, there’s minimal sewing required. Most of the sections are joined as you go, so you can focus on the fun part: crocheting! Whether you’re a beginner or experienced maker, this jacket is a satisfying and stylish project to add to your wardrobe or gift list.
Upgrade to the AD FREE PDF Pattern Version
Grab the Printable PDF Version of this pattern with detailed photo guides and stitch charts, perfect for offline use and note-taking.
Whether you’re a beginner crocheter looking for your first wearable, or a seasoned maker wanting a fast and flexible project, this crochet jacket pattern delivers both function and fashion. From the customizable fit to the creative color play, it’s a must-make for any season.
⚠️ This pdf pattern is for personal use only. Please do not copy or redistribute.Please share and link to website pattern page, if you wish to share free pattern.
Materials & Tools
| Hook | 5mm Standard Crochet Hook |
|---|---|
| Yarn Weight | Worsted Yarn |
| Fibre Type | Acrylic Crochet Yarn |
Choosing Yarn for Your Crochet Jacket
Recommended Yarn Weights:
- DK (for lighter jackets)
- Worsted/Aran (for structured or winter jackets)
Best Yarn Types by Season:
- Winter : Wool/Wool Blends - Warm, breathable, durable
- Summer : Cotton/Cotton Blends - Cool, breathable, structured
- Year-Round : Acrylic - Budget-friendly, easy to care for
- Luxury Feel : Alpaca Blends - Soft, hypoallergenic, cozy
Tips for Using Colorful Yarn Cakes:
- Use two yarn cakes with the same starting point to mirror panels.
- For kids or smaller jackets, follow the color flow or cut between sections.
- Always maintain the same yarn weight and hook to keep sizing consistent.
Yarn Calculator
Not sure how much yarn you'll need for your next crochet project?
Use our yarn calculator to estimate the amount of yarn required based on your project size, yarn weight, and stitch pattern.
It's a quick and easy way to plan your materials before you start crocheting.
Pattern Instructions
Project Size Information
This pattern is written for a base size using a 4mm hook and worsted weight yarn. Adjust as needed based on yarn choice and your desired fit.
Measurement - Inches - Centimeters
- Hood Width :14 in - 36 cm
- Hood Height : 22.5 in - 57 cm
- Sleeve Length : 19 in - 48 cm
- Sleeve Width : 8 in - 22 cm
- Jacket Length : 34 in - 87 cm
- Waist Width : 24 in - 62 cm
- Front Fold : 12 in - 32 cm |
Gauge:
11 dc rows / 20 dc sts = 5 x 5 in (12.5 x 12.5 cm)
Construction Overview
Customization Tips – Make It Your Own
Resizing hood
When resizing the hood, you can widen the hood by adding more stitches to the left and right of the hood, start from the center join of the back and count stitches outwards, ensuring you have the same count on both sides. Same applies with narrowing the hood, simply reducing the stitches on the left and right side. Note this needs to be done when starting the hood.
To make your hood height higher, you can add more rows to the pattern rows, or lower the height by not completing all the rows mentioned in the pattern.
Sleeves
Final sleeve length can be resized by adding more rows or shortened by not completing all the rows as mentioned in the pattern. Best to fit the joined jacket to see what fits and suits your liking. The width of the sleeve is determined when making the first two arm / bust panels, take note of the arm width when completing these panels, if you wish to have a more tight fit on the sleeve, you can remove the final few rounds from this pattern section.
Adjusting the bust and back
Note when doing so you can add bust and back length in the bust/waist section. If you wish to have a wider sleeve you can add more rounds to panels 1 & 2. Just be sure that both panels have the same amount of rounds. Also take note to amend your bust/waist section to fit your size. You can resize the length of the jacket by removing or adding rows to the base of the jacket, if you wish to have a short or mid waist length jacket, you can skip this section, or if you wish to have a longer coat type jacket you can extend the length of the jacket here.
Note in the is pattern there are two sections which determine the inner inner bust size, - the Extend the inner bust , waist and back of both panel A & B is best for extending or decreasing the bust size.
The second is when finishing off the jacket, so if you wish to extend your inner bust size, you can do so there. The final waist size is determined by section - Extend the inner bust, waist and back of both panel A & B - you can add more rows for a large size, or remove rows for a slimmer fit.
Written Instructions
Pattern Techniques & Skills Needed
- Working in the round (right-side facing)
- Basic crochet stitches (dc, sc)
- Seam joining and color changing
- Gauge swatching and yarn substitution
Tip: Weave in ends as you go to save finishing time later!
Pattern Reference
This page is part of a larger crochet pattern and is intended as a companion tutorial or stitch reference. For complete instructions, materials, sizing information, and all pattern sections, please visit the main pattern page.Step by Step
⚠️ This pattern is for personal use only. Please do not copy or redistribute.
Free Crochet Jacket Pattern
Bust & Shoulder ( Panels A & B )
Be sure to have a look at the resizing instructions before starting your project.
Note - Above diagram shows the first few rows of the pattern repeat - be sure to follow the written pattern , and take note of resizing instructions.
Round 1
Start with magic ring, ch 3, counts as first dc st, 2dc into magic ring, ch2,
* 3dc, ch2, in magic ring, rep 5 times more, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain (18 sts in round)
Round 2
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 2 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 3 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of the starting chain. (42 sts in round)
Round 3
ch 3, counts as first dc st,1dc in next 6 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 7 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. 4 (66 sts in round)
Round 4
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 10 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 11 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 90 sts in round)
Round 5
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 14 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 15 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 114 sts in round)
Round 6
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 18 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 19 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 138 sts in round)
Round 7
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 22 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 23 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (162 sts in round)
Round 8
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 26 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 27 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (186 sts in round)
Round 9
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 30 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 31 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (210 sts in round)
Round 10
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 34 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 35 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (234 sts in round)
Round 11
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 38 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 39 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (258 sts in round)
Round 12
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 42 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 43 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (282 sts in round)
Round 13
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 46 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 47 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 306 sts in round)
Round 14
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 50 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 51 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (330 sts in round)
Round 15
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 54 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 55 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (354 sts in round)
Round 16
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 58 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 59 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 378 sts in round)
Round 17
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 62 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 63 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (402 sts in round)
Round 18
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 66 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 67 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (426 sts in round)
Round 19
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 70 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 71 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (450 sts in round)
Round 20
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 74 sts, ch2
* 1dc in next 75 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. ( 474 sts in round ).
After completing both panels, match your panels to make sure that they are the same size.
You can also count your final stitches to see if everything matches up.
Fold your completed panel into shape.
Repeat for panel B.
- To ensure you keep your right side facing front you can place a stitch marker on the front of panel A and B.
- Turn your panels inside out and join each panel individually, from the inside outwards
2. Join Shoulders
I suggest using a hdc join stitch join if you are using a yarn with some stretch, this will ensure that your work does not pull into any direction.
- If you wish to add some extra space to your shoulder you can opt for a double crochet stitch join,
- If you have a strong tension on your work you can opt for using a simple single stitch join, or
- You can use a needle and yarn to join the shoulder.
Extend the inner bust , waist and back of both panel A & B
Add width for bust, waist, and back shaping.
- Turn your work back to front
- You will now first work panel A & then again panel B.
- Start at the front top corner which has not been joined.
- Work your way down towards the waist
- Follow along the bottom of the front waist,
- Follow along the bottom back of the waist,
- Follow along the back all the way up to the shoulder
- Do NOT join your round, see pattern below for instructions.
Note you will use this for both panel A & B
Round 21
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 78 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 79 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 3 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch in top of starting chain. (249 sts in round)
Round 22
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 82 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 83 sts, 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. ( 261 sts in round)
Round 23
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 86 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 87 sts 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. ( 273 sts in round)
Round 24
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 90 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 91 sts 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. ( 285 sts in round)
Round 25
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 94 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 95 sts 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. (297 sts in round)
Round 26
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 98 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 99 sts 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. ( 309 sts in round)
Round 27
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in next 102 sts, ch2, * 1dc in next 103 sts 2dc, ch2, 2dc in ch-sp, rep 5 times for each remaining side, join with slip stitch on top of starting chain. ( 321 sts in round)
Join the back of panel A & B
Seam both panels together.
- Turn your panels inside out and join the back of the panel.
From the inside outwards join :
- I suggest using a hdc join stitch join if you are using a yarn with some stretch, this will ensure that your work does not pull into any direction,
- If you wish to add some extra space to your back you can opt for a double crochet stitch join,
- If you have a strong tension on your work you can opt for using a simple single stitch join, or you can use a needle and yarn to join.
Create the hood
Start from the back center and work evenly outward.
Place on flat surface
Fold over the top collar outwards of each side
Start in the corner chain space of the top collar
Join yarn
Row 1
ch 3, counts as first dc st, 1dc in same chain space, 3dc in next dc side stitch space,
2dc in next dc side stitch space, 3dc in next dc side stitch space, in next 4 spaces, 2dc in next 2 chain-spaces, 2dc in next dc side stitch space, 3dc in next dc side stitch space, in next 7 spaces ( if you joined with hdc sts - work 2 dc into hdc stitch space, if joined with dc sts, work 3dc sts in stitch space,
If joined with sc or blanket stitch and yarn - used 1 dc in stitch space)
2dc in next dc side stitch space, 3dc in next dc side stitch space, in next 7 spaces, 2dc in next 2 chain-spaces, 2dc in next dc side stitch space, 3dc in next dc side stitch space, in next 4 spaces, 3dc in next dc side stitch space, 2dc in next dc side stitch space.
Turn work
Row 2
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, until end of row
Turn work
Repeat row 2 for 25 rows, if you wish to have a larger or smaller hood, you can adjust your rows.
** Note that additional rows will be added to the front of the hood in the finishing section.
- Turn garment inside out
- Place garment on flat surface
- Fold over, and align the top of the hood.
Join the hood.
From the inside outwards
I suggest using a hdc join stitch join if you are using a yarn with some stretch, this will ensure that your work does not pull into any direction,
If you wish to add some extra space to your back you can opt for a double crochet stitch join.
If you have a strong tension on your work you can opt for using a simple single stitch join, or
You can use a needle and yarn to join.
Extend the length of the garment
Add rows to the base for a cropped or coat-length version.
Join in bottom corner , you will actually be working with the garment facing downwards
Row 1
Join yarn, ch3 - counts as first dc st, 1 dc into the same chain space, 1 dc into each of the dc sts of the first panel, 2 dc in 2ch-sp of first panel, ( if you joined with hdc sts - work 2 dc into hdc stitch space, if joined with dc sts, work 3dc sts in stitch space, if joined with sc or blanket stitch and yarn - used 1 dc in stitch space), 2 dc into the next 2ch-sp of next panel, 1 dc into each of the dc sts of the next panel, 2 dc in 2ch-sp of panel,
Turn work
Row 2
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, until end of row
Turn work
Repeat row 2 for 20 rows, if you wish to have a longer or shorter length, you can adjust your rows.
** Note that additional rows will be added to the front of the hood and the base and color of the garment in the finishing section.
Finish off the body of the garment.
Neaten the front opening and hood edge.
Fold your garment right side front.
Start in the bottom corner 2ch-sp, 2 dc, ch2, 2dc in corner chain space, work 2 dc into each dc side space, and 1 dc into each dc stitch, when you reach a corner 2dc, ch2, 2dc in to corner chain space.
Follow stitch along the outside of the garment, around the hood, back down towards the front of the bust, all around the back, until you have reached your starting chain stitch.
Turn work
Row 2
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2dc,ch2 2dc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Row 3
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2dc,ch2 2dc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Row 3
Chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2hdc,ch2 2hdc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Add Button holes
If you wish to add buttons to your garment
Mark out how many buttons you will need and count your stitches in the space between buttons.
Row 4
Chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2hdc,ch2 2hdc into the corners
For the buttons
Measure the button size, then determine how many stitches you will need to skip to accommodate the button size.
1 hdc into each stitch, chain 1, 2 or 3 sts, for ever skipped stitch, to accommodate the button size,
after the skipped sts, 1 hdc into each stitch until the next placement of your button, repeat this for every button you wish to add to your garment.
Once you have made the button holes , continue with 1 hdc stitch as before, all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Row 5
Chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2hdc,ch2 2hdc into the corners , work 1 hdc into each stitch until your button hole chain spaces, work 1, 2, or 3 hdc sts (same amount of skipped sts) into the chain space, continue with 1 hdc stitch as before, all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Row 6
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2dc,ch2 2dc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Row 7
Chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2dc,ch2 2dc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Row 7
Chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2hdc,ch2 2hdc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Row 8
Chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch from row before, - note the 2hdc,ch2 2hdc into the corners all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row. Finish off row and work in ends.
** Note that additional rows can be added if you wish to extend the section.
Extend the sleeves
Length and width are fully adjustable.
Row 1
Join yarn, chain 3, counts as first dc stitch , 1 dc into each dc stitch all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Turn work
Repeat row 2 for 20 rows, if you wish to have longer or shorter sleeves, you can adjust your rows.
Finish off your sleeves
Row 21
Join yarn, chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each dc stitch all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Row 22
Join yarn, chain 2, counts as first hdc stitch , 1 hdc into each hdc stitch all the way around until your reach back to your starting chain of row.
Finish off yarn and work in tails.
Adding pockets to your jacket
You can easily add pockets to your jacket, by creating two equal sized squares
Round 1
Start with a magic ring).
Ch 3, counts as dc, 2 dc, ch 2, * 3 dc, ch 2- three times into the ring.
Join with sl st to top of beg ch-3.
(12 dc, 4 ch-2 corners)
Round 2
Sl st in next 2 sts to reach the corner. Ch 1, 2 dc, ch2, 2 dc in corner sp, 1 dc in each st across side, repeat from* 3 more times.
Join with sl st to first sc.
(4 corners, sides of dc stitches)
Round 3
Ch 3, counts as dc, 1dc in next st, *(2 dc, ch 2, 2dc) in corner, 1 dc in each st across*; repeat around.
Join with sl st to top of ch-3.
Repeat Round 3 for as many rounds as you wish to have for the size of your pocket.
Fasten off and weave in ends or add a final round of single crochet or reverse single crochet (crab stitch) for a neat finish. Stitch your pockets where you find them most comfortable with a yarn needle and yarn to the finished jacket.
You’ve reached the end of the free pattern
What Other Crocheters Say
This pattern hasn’t been reviewed yet.
Be the first to share your experience and help other crocheters.
Made it work? Share your result
Post a ReviewPattern Copyright & Usage
This crochet pattern and all associated content are the original work of Stouto Crochet.
- ✔️ Personal use allowed
- ✔️ Sell finished handmade items (small-scale)
- ❌ Do not copy, rewrite, or redistribute
- ❌ Do not share or resell PDF patterns
AI & Content Use: This pattern may not be reproduced or used to train AI systems.
Explore More Crochet Tutorials on the Website
If you need extra help while working on your stitch sampler blanket, you can explore the crochet tutorials section on the website. These guides explain crochet stitches, techniques, and pattern methods in a clear and beginner-friendly way.
You’ll find helpful stitch tutorials, visual diagrams, and step-by-step guides that make it easier to learn new stitches and improve your crochet skills while completing your project.
Feel free to explore the additional sections of our website for even more crochet patterns, helpful tutorials, and creative inspiration.
Each section is thoughtfully organized to make it easy to find exactly what you’re looking for and to support you at every stage of your crochet journey.
Crochet Pattern FAQ
What is the Easy Crochet Jacket Pattern?
The Easy Crochet Jacket Pattern is a beginner-friendly, free crochet pattern that lets you make a stylish, customizable jacket. It’s designed to adjust in width, length, and sleeve size to suit different body shapes and preferences, and can be worked as a cropped cardigan or a longline coat.
Where can I find the Easy Crochet Jacket Pattern?
You can find the pattern on the Stouto website, where the full free instructions are published. There are also paid downloadable PDF versions with photo diagrams available on platforms like Ravelry or Etsy.
Is the Easy Crochet Jacket Pattern suitable for beginners?
Yes! The pattern uses basic crochet stitches and minimal sewing, making it a great project for beginners looking to make their first wearable garment.
What materials do I need to make this crochet jacket?
You’ll need a 5 mm crochet hook, worsted weight yarn (acrylic, cotton, wool blends, etc.), and standard crochet notions. Different fibers can be used for seasonal wear — cotton for warm months, wool blends for winter, and acrylic for year-round versatility.
Can I change the size of the crochet jacket?
Absolutely! The pattern includes detailed resizing tips so you can adjust the width of the hood, sleeves, bust, waist, and overall jacket length to fit any size—from kids to adults.
Does this pattern include a hood?
Yes — a hood is included! The instructions show how to crochet and attach it, with options to adjust height and width for a cozy fit.
How much yarn do I need for the jacket?
The pattern doesn’t specify an exact skein count since total yarn use depends on your chosen size, yarn weight, and length of the jacket. For best results, choose worsted/aran weight yarn and have extra on hand for customization. ([Ravelry][2])
What crochet skills do I need to make this jacket?
You’ll need skills like double crochet (dc), single crochet (sc), working in the round, color changes, and simple seam joins. Gauge swatching is recommended for sizing accuracy.
Can I make this jacket in different yarn weights?
Yes — lighter DK yarn creates a breezy jacket, worsted or aran weight gives a warmer coat, and luxury fibers like alpaca blends offer a soft, cozy feel.
Are there tips for adding pockets or buttons?
The pattern offers customizable finishing options like adding pockets (made as separate crocheted squares) and buttonholes with instructions on spacing and placement.
